Free Essays on Lady Macbeth

Deceitful, Manipulative, Sinful: Lady Macbeth The book Macbeth by William Shakespeare is about a general in King Duncan’s army, Macbeth. He meets three witches, who foretell that he will be made Thane of Cawdor and eventually King of Scotland. He finds that the first prophecy comes true and becomes excited about the second one coming true. He waits but becomes impatient and with the push of his wife, he murders the king to come into power. In this play Shakespeare uses Lady Macbeth to show that ambitious, lying, manipulative people don’t finish first, to say the least. Lady Macbeth was a severely manipulative and deceitful character. It is shown throughout the play that, to further her own powers and position, she will deceive and change people. At the party of the new kings crowning, her husband, she lied about her husband’s infirmity so that he would not be considered to be ill suited to stay king. Her deceit might have even assisted MacDuff to cause her husbands murder. It is said in proverbs 6 that â€Å"A scoundrel and villain, who goes about with a corrupt mouth, who winks with his eye, signals with his feet and motions with his fingers, who plots evil with deceit in his heart he always stirs up dissension.† This explains that deceitful people stir up trouble. Lady Macbeth’s deceit extends even to the murder of the king. Her ambition clouded the soon to be Kings mind, because of her ambition, into thinking that the only way that he would become king to slay the king himself. It is clear said in the bible in Galatians 5 t hat â€Å"The acts of the sinful nature are obvious: sexual immorality...selfish ambition†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Because of her selfish ambition due to sin she killed three people. Lady Macbeth with her deceitful, manipulative, sinful nature, because of selfish ambitions, caused the murder of three people. She manipulated and lied to her husband and caused his death and him to murder. Also, in the end, in my opinio... Free Essays on Lady Macbeth Free Essays on Lady Macbeth Deceitful, Manipulative, Sinful: Lady Macbeth The book Macbeth by William Shakespeare is about a general in King Duncan’s army, Macbeth. He meets three witches, who foretell that he will be made Thane of Cawdor and eventually King of Scotland. He finds that the first prophecy comes true and becomes excited about the second one coming true. He waits but becomes impatient and with the push of his wife, he murders the king to come into power. In this play Shakespeare uses Lady Macbeth to show that ambitious, lying, manipulative people don’t finish first, to say the least. Lady Macbeth was a severely manipulative and deceitful character. It is shown throughout the play that, to further her own powers and position, she will deceive and change people. At the party of the new kings crowning, her husband, she lied about her husband’s infirmity so that he would not be considered to be ill suited to stay king. Her deceit might have even assisted MacDuff to cause her husbands murder. It is said in proverbs 6 that â€Å"A scoundrel and villain, who goes about with a corrupt mouth, who winks with his eye, signals with his feet and motions with his fingers, who plots evil with deceit in his heart he always stirs up dissension.† This explains that deceitful people stir up trouble. Lady Macbeth’s deceit extends even to the murder of the king. Her ambition clouded the soon to be Kings mind, because of her ambition, into thinking that the only way that he would become king to slay the king himself. It is clear said in the bible in Galatians 5 t hat â€Å"The acts of the sinful nature are obvious: sexual immorality...selfish ambition†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Because of her selfish ambition due to sin she killed three people. Lady Macbeth with her deceitful, manipulative, sinful nature, because of selfish ambitions, caused the murder of three people. She manipulated and lied to her husband and caused his death and him to murder. Also, in the end, in my opinio... Free Essays on Lady MacBeth Lady Macbeth Lady Macbeth is quite possibly one of the most intriguing characters in Shakespeare’s play Macbeth. The wife of the protagonist, Lady Macbeth is a complex character who undergoes a major transition throughout the course of the play. Readers and audiences alike can clearly see her go from one end of the spectrum to the other; she begins as a take-control, no-regrets-type woman, but slowly changes into a mass of guilt and confusion by the end of the play. When Lady Macbeth first hears of the Witches’ prophecy for her husband, she states that he is too cowardly to do what needs to be done, so she plans the first murder herself. After reading his letter, she begins by telling herself that he lacks the innate qualities to carry out such deeds in the following passage: Glamis thou art, and Cawdor, and shalt be What though art promised. Yet do I fear thy nature; It is too full o’ th’ milk of human kindness To catch the nearest way. Thou wouldst be great, Art not without ambition, but without The illness should attend it. (1. 5. 15) Soon after she is heard asking the spirits, â€Å"Unsex me here, And fill me from the crown to the toe top-full Of direst cruelty (1. 5. 48).† In this line we understand that Lady Macbeth is asking for the traditionally male qualities of ruthlessness, lack of fear, and the means by which hideous crimes may be committed. These passages clearly convey a sense of determination, in which Lady Macbeth shows her strength and views regarding the situation at hand. When Macbeth expresses concern and doubt about killing Duncan, Lady Macbeth tears into his words as if his opinion were worthless. Macbeth acknowledges that Duncan is a good man, and had helped him many times, so it would be terribly wrong to kill such a man. Lady Macbeth both denounces his manhood and uses disturbing imagery to convey her thoughts. I have given suck, and I know How tender ‘tis to l... Free Essays on Lady Macbeth â€Å"Lady Macbeth is a powerful and dramatic character, but her death at the end of the play is no surprise to the audience.† Discuss this statement with close reference to the text. â€Å"Macbeth† is one of the most famous tragedies written in the Elizabethan times by William Shakespeare for King James 1. Set in Scotland, it details the story of man, so desperate for the status of king, that he will do anything to achieve it. As an established ‘good and hardy soldier’, and quite content within that role, Macbeth is surprised to find some witches who predict his reign as king. ‘All hail Macbeth! who shalt be king hereafter.’ (Act 1 scene 3) On informing his wife, Lady Macbeth, he soon embarks on a killing spree that doesn’t end until both partners’ demise. However, Macbeth could not have committed the first few crimes without the help and insistence of his wife. She acts as the fate the witches spoke of to make him king and yet i ronically is mainly responsible for aggravating Macbeth’s struggle between morality and ambition. She has a hugely diverse character, and this helps plant the seed of Macbeth’s, and her own, eventual downfall. Lady Macbeth receives a letter from Macbeth at the beginning of the play, telling her of his experiences with the ‘weird sisters’. ‘They met me in the day of success: and I have learned by the perfect’st report, they have more in them than mortal knowledge.’ (Act1 scene 5) After she has read the letter, she is determined to make the witches’ prophesy come true. She imagines that she has the capability to be a remorseless and determined villain. However in reality this is just an act, and in fact her true self possesses no such traits. This is obvious when she makes a huge effort to get herself into a murderous state of mind, crying out, ‘Come you spirits That tend on mortal thoughts, unsex me here, And fill me from th e crown to the toe top-full Of direst cruelty!’ Lady Macbet...

Environmental Audit Concerning Entry of TESCO in Bahrain Essay

Environmental Audit Concerning Entry of TESCO in Bahrain - Essay Example are (1) The Political Environment (2) The Economic Environment (3) The Socio-Cultural Environment (4) The Technological Environment (5) The External Environment and (6) The Legal Environment (Boddy & Paton, 2009, 5). Analysis of each of these elements separately will indicate the opportunities and threats they hold for a business entering that particular local environment- it is largely country specific. Michael Porter has mentioned in his book ‘Competitive Strategy’ that there are five forces impacting on the survival of any firm in a particular industry. These are (1) Barriers to Entry and Exit (2) Bargaining Power of Buyers (3) Bargaining Power of Suppliers (4) Threats of Substitutes and (5) Competitive Rivalry (Porter, 1980, 15). Obviously TESCO has to take a look at all these elements while considering its proposed entry into Bahrain. PESTEL Analysis of TESCO from the Perspective of a Setup in Bahrain I will start this part of my paper by narrating a short history o f TESCO’s origins and its methods of expansion as I believe these have an impact on organizational culture and management’s thinking and analysis of opportunities and threats. I will next launch into the particular environments in Bahrain and see what opportunities or threats each of the six forces discussed above in PESTEL provide for TESCO in terms of setting up business here. Tesco began operating in the UK in 1919 after its founder Jack Cohen purchased a running business from one T.E Stockwell: he took the first three initials TES and added the first two of his last name CO from Cohen to serve as a name for the newly acquired enterprise. TESCO initially was a grocery store type outlet in which the founder sold surplus items. The first branded TESCO store made its appearance in 1929 in Burnt... This assignment is an attempt to conduct an Environmental Audit for an international brand TESCO entering Bahrain market. A company like TESCO must think very carefully before it embarks on an international expansion. The author believes conducting an environmental analysis and using the PESTEL format to analyze forces in the local environment of Bahrain may give positive or negative signals to TESCO management. Therein lies the importance of an environmental analysis to TESCO or any other firm considering investment in Bahrain. The work provides the description of a typical environmental audit. It involves the analysis of the following six forces affecting the business environment, in terms of the opportunities and threats they provide for new entrants. These are (1) The Political Environment (2) The Economic Environment (3) The Socio-Cultural Environment (4) The Technological Environment (5) The External Environment and (6) The Legal Environment. The analysis of each of these eleme nts separately indicate the opportunities and threats they hold for TESCO. The author also conducts the Analysis of Opportunities and Threats, Strengths and Weaknesses (SWOT), where the opportunities, threats, strengths and weaknesses regarding TESCO’s proposed entry into Bahrain are discussed. The conclusion of the work is TESCO will not go wrong in entering the Bahraini marketplace if it chooses to position itself as a low-cost provider and a premium goods seller, targeting all and different segments of the market.

PAPER ON OBAMACARE FROM LIBERTARIANISM AND UTILITARIANISM STAND POINTS Essay

PAPER ON OBAMACARE FROM LIBERTARIANISM AND UTILITARIANISM STAND POINTS - Essay Example The care act would also bring a transformation in the US health care system which is necessary in containing costs. Obamacare from the utilitarianism view point Utilitarianism can also be referred to as the greatest happiness principle. According to this theory, an action can only be right if it promotes happiness to a large number of people (Sandel 200). The intrinsic value for this theory is happiness. The happiness of every one counts equally, and a moral action is the one which brings about the best outcome of all the available outcomes. From utilitarianism point of view, the Obamacare is morally right and morally wrong. The advantages of Obamacare to the US citizens are more than the disadvantages. Obamacare has had positive consequences on the lives of the US citizens and more so the poor and the middle income earners. The advantages of Obamacare include improved quality of health care, low costs of healthcare, new benefits and improved safety. A consequentialist would say that Obamacare is morally right as it maximizes the good part of it to the citizens of that country. Obamacare stands for things which are worthy promoting and pursuing when it comes to the issues of universal health care putting into consideration that health care is an vital part of human living. Obamacare also stands for the right actions and policies all which are in favor of its citizen’s well fair (Sandel 140). The greatest happiness of the people of USA obtained from Obamacare is the measure of right. Healthy living for the USA citizens is considered by utilitarian’s as part of happiness Obamacare is also morally right as it leads to a reduction in pain and an increase in pleasure which is part of the overall utility enjoyed by people. The fact the costs of drugs has been reduced under the Obamcare is enough evidence that it would lead to the reduction of pain for all suffering citizens since they would be able to purchase the drugs. Obamacare also leads to the redu ction in pain and an increase in pleasure for the citizens as care for patients is organized in a way which enhances the care of the patient. The benefit which comes with increase healthcare in US is exceedingly than the problems and the side effects are sufficiently limited which justifies Obamacare on acts of utilitarian grounds. Obamacare is also morally right as it is from its improved quality that infections which would have been acquired from hospitals will be prevented. It will also lead to the prevention of chronic diseases accompanied by improved public health. Utilitarian’s would consider this as being morally right as it would increase the pleasure of people by living disease free lives. The Obamacare would also improve the citizen’s access to innovative therapies which will lead to pain reduction for people suffering diseases requiring therapies. Utilitarian’s also think that the Obamacare is morally wrong. Though coupled with many advantages which m ake many citizens happy, it reduces the level of happiness to some extent. For example, the Federal Government of US forced the millions of uninsured people to get insured. The business people were also forced into paying high taxes in order to fund the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. This simply indicates that this was against their will which may not make them too happy. The actions and polices by the act are to a certain extend wrong as the business people

How Does The Outdoor Environment Support Children's Personal, Social Essay

How Does The Outdoor Environment Support Children's Personal, Social And Emotion Development - Essay Example Concentration, an important constituent for the development of child, declines following prolonged exposure to classrooms (Pellegrini and Davis, 1993). Thus, this gives roof to the need of playgrounds and outdoor games for the instillation of the lost concentration. Playgrounds, the main instillers of self-confidence and self-esteem need to replicate nature. They also need to provide an opportunity to children to learn from experiment, risk, and control of the environment. It is also essential for the playgrounds to serve better by being responsive to each and every child. These playgrounds meeting the need of children might often appear a little messy and disorganized to the adult (Moore, 1986). The present need is to realise the existent need for well-designed playgrounds for the development of self-esteem in the school children (Titman's 1994). It has long been noted by Sucklin (1981) that social skills known, learned, and practiced on the playground during recess are important even for the later development of children. This is also essential because before the beginning of adolescence, children relate to the surrounding world mainly through their senses and bodily movement, which is greatly motivated by the outdoor environment’s freedom and diversity. This holds a more powerful stand for the green environments in close intimacy. (Kuo & Sullivan, 2002). The social and emotional development of the children also gets influenced by the availability and easy reach of the outdoor facilities and resources.

Social Perspectives on the Concepts of Sex and Gender

Social Perspectives on the Concepts of Sex and Gender Critically evaluate the contribution of the social perspective to our understanding of language and meaning and the psychology of sex and gender. It can be said different psychological perspectives lead to different theories providing diverse insights into the same issue i.e. language and meaning. They focus their enquiry in different ways and consequently have dissimilar objects of knowledge. Each perspective asks different questions, use different methods and data and produce therefore different theories. These perspectives can be complementary, conflicting or coexisting, whereby each perspective and theory provides a variety of ways of applying their findings to everyday psychological problems. By focusing on the social psychological perspective, this essay will initially evaluate how this perspective contributes to a greater understanding in the formation, acquisition and use of language and how this understanding co-exists with, and may be complimented by or is in contrast to, other perspectives and how this fits in with the understanding of sex and gender. Social psychological perspectives emphasise the importance of inv estigating cognition by studying how meaning is created through participation and cultural practices and through language. The evolvement, acquisition and application of language used by humans, to express meaning and pursue goals, have been a topic of study amongst the various perspectives in psychology most notably evolutionary, cognitive and social perspectives. In researching language and the development of subsequent theories, language itself is used as a medium to investigate language. This methodological reflexivity is the source of conflict between social and cognitive perspectives on language when trying to determine to what extent, if any, the necessity of responding in language predetermines what is said. Social psychologists, more specifically discourse psychologists (i.e. Parker, 1992, as cited in: Cooper Kay, 2007, p. 105), claims that in using language individuals do so in a social and historic context, with an audience and for a purpose. Individuals therefore will m ake assumptions about the knowledge, understanding and requirements of their interlocutors in an experimental setting which is a primary method used by cognitive psychologists to study the separate cognitive and underlying thought processes language represents in communication with others or dialog with the self. The social constructionist perspective, on the other hand, uses evidence from actual language used in day-to-day communication and therefore appears to have more ecological validity. With the use of discourse analysis, they manage to describe how individuals organise their talk and use particular strategies such as the creation of subject positions or constructions of the world, to achieve particular ends. Wieder (1974 as cited in: Cooper Kay, 2007, pp. 104-105) illustrated the use of language to determine behaviour amongst newly released prisoners living in a hostel by employing a method called ethnomethodology (the study of how people do things) devised by Garfinkel (1967 as cited in: Cooper Kay, 2007, p.103). Wieder (ibid) found that the language used amongst the individuals (called The Code) does not explain their behavior but rather was used by them to actively construct their social world and take appropriate action within it (i.e. not being a snitch). Social constructionists therefore base their understanding of language on the concept that language can be seen as a vehicle for the socially produced and sustained meaning that operates between individuals, in groups and societies (Cooper Kay, 2007, p. 113). Although providing a feasible explanation for the use of language, it does not explain how language evolved or how it is being processed individually. Evolutionary psychologists (i.e. Lorenz, 1952 as cited in: Cooper Kay, 2007, p. 78) offer an explanation about the evolution of language in claiming that language is an adaptive characteristic that has been acquired (through natural and sexual selection) at species level and is characterised by the ability of humans to create meanings in quite different ways of communication than that of other species. The complex interactive activation with competition (IAC) model devised by McClelland and Rummelhart (1981, as cited in: Cooper Kay, 2007, pp. 91-94) and subsequent studies (i.e. Moss and Gaskell, 199 8, as cited in: Cooper Kay, 2007, p. 93) is used by cognitive psychologists in formulating their understanding that language is part of an information processing system that resides in the brain of an individual who creates meaning when hearing others speak or when speaking themselves. The three perspectives therefore provide complimentary understandings of language based on their individual analysis being evolution, individual processing or social construction. Parker (1992, as cited in: Cooper Kay, 2007, p. 105) describe discourse as a set of symbolic meanings created through the use of language to construct an event or object in a particular way. This is evident in the claim by social psychologists that individuals construct the world as consisting of two basic types of people men and women. This is partially achieved through social identity processes as theorised in the Social Identity Theory (SIT) of Tajfel (1919-82, as cited in Phoenix Thomas, 2007, p. 62) whereby individuals devise descriptions which derive from the social group they see themselves belonging to (i.e. male or female). Individuals, according to SIT, then tend to maximise perceived similarities to others in the same group (in-group) whilst minimising it with those outside the group (out-group) e.g. the notion of opposite sex (Hollway, Cooper, Johnston and Stevens, 2007, p. 151). Gender is consequently one of the most important and powerful social categories by which i ndividuals define themselves. Bem (1981 as cited in: Hollway et al, 2007, p. 153) proposed in the Gender Schema Theory (GST) that femininity and masculinity are socially and culturally constructed dimensions absorbed by individuals to produce an understanding of gender to make sense of themselves and their behavior. Social constructionists however, argue that gender is not a set of characteristics or properties acquired by an individual but rather that gender identity is constantly established and re-established by experiences, behaviors and actions on both individual and group levels and is therefore ongoing throughout the lifespan of an individual. The study of sex and gender is thus concerned with the intricate interplay of nature and nurture in shaping similarities and differences between men and women. In studying sex and gender as a psychological phenomenon evolutionary (e.g. Clark and Hatfield, 1989, as cited in: Hollway et al, 2007, p. 146) and biological (e.g. Fitch and Den enberg, 1998 as cited in: Hollway et al, 2007, p. 138) perspectives emphasis’ the contribution of nature to the experiences of individuals by examining the biological and genetic structures relating to sex. Social constructionists acknowledge these influences but looks at the importance of context and culture in constructing an understanding about gender whilst the psychoanalytic perspective incorporates biological differences as well as the social and cultural meanings. The difference between these approaches is often exemplified through political tension between them in relation to their implications about the fixity of the social roles of men and woman and their personal relationships and behavior. Biological and social explanations (nature and nurture) expose a fundamental conflict whereby social perspectives echo the underlying principal of psychoanalysts questioning individual agency in claiming that biological explanations, and most recently evolutionary explanations ( e.g. Hilary and Rose, 2000, as cited in: Hollway et al, 2007, p. 172), are extremely deterministic (Hollway et al, 2007, p. 171). Social constructionists explained that historical research underlines the fact that values inevitably underpin all knowledge; however, allowance should be made for new ideas incorporating change and cultural settings such as the role of women in society. The methods employed by the various psychological perspectives in studying a specific psychological issue are often complimentary as opposed to contrasting. In explaining gender social constructionists take historical and cultural situations of human beings into account focusing almost exclusively on the meaning-making activities of humans. In studying the difference in the style of sexual behavior between men and woman at an American college, Clark and Hatfield (1989 as cited in: Hollway et al, 2007, p. 146) found that women, although accepting dating invitations were less inclined to accept invitations for private meetings (i.e. at the apartment of a stranger) with almost all women refusing invitations for sexual intercourse. The results were the same when women were first assured of the trustworthiness and integrity of the stranger thus accounting for fear of potential danger as a confounding variable (Clark, 1990, as cited in: Hollway et al, 2007, p. 146). Clark and Hatfield (ibid) claimed from an evolutionary perspective that the results are consistent with the arguments of evolutionary psychologists about evolved optimal reproductive style (ibid) through natural and sexual selection processes. The findings of Clark and Hatfield (ibid) underline, from a social constructionist point of view, the notion that the sexual behavior of men and women is filtered through their own individual cultural lenses. Psychoanalytical psychologists (e.g. Benjamin, 1990, 1995, 1998 as cited in: Hollway et al, 2007, p.164) argue that these external influences (e.g. identities are constructed throug h discourse and discursive practices) are over emphasised by social constructionists and therefore does not explain the agency and capacity for resistance and change by individuals. Each of these perspectives provides a valuable point of view but none is able to give a complete explanation of the findings of the study with each perspective concentrating on its own theoretical ground when analysing the findings of a study. In conclusion, it is clear that different perspectives in psychology lead to different explanations of one or more psychological issues. These perspectives can co-exist in some ways such as the fact that social constructionists and psychoanalysts both base their interpretations on meaning. Social constructionists provide a comprehensive account in formulating an understanding of language and gendered differences with a strong focus on the extraction of meaning of behavior. Although this perspective goes a long way in understanding these, and other, psychological aspects, they do not answer all aspects such as the evolution and individual understanding of language. Findings of other perspectives such as biological, evolutionary and cognitive psychology assist in providing an explanation of those items social constructionists cannot account for. Word count: 1662 References Cooper, T., Kaye, H. (2007). Language and Meaning. In T. Cooper, I. Roth (Eds.), DSE212 Challenging Psychological Issues (pp. 71-123). Milton Keynes: The Open University. Hollway, W., Cooper, T., Johnston, A., Stevens, R. (2007). The psychology of sex and gender. In T. Cooper, I. Roth (Eds.), DSE212 Challenging Psychological Issues (pp. 125-188). Milton Keynes: The Open University. Phoenix, A. (2007). Identities and diversities. In D. Miell, A. Phoenix, K. Thomas (Eds.), DSE212 Mapping Psychology (pp. 43-104). Milton Keynes: The Open University.

Aruba :: Free Descriptive Essay About A Place

Aruba Aruba’s culture is a collection of values, beliefs, and traditions from several nations over hundreds of years. The language, architecture, schooling, language, festivities, and folklore have made the Aruban natives the people they are today. The native population has ethnic roots in Arawak, African, and European peoples. This is evident in the local foods, architecture, celebrations, and languages. There is also a mix of expatriates from Europe, the Caribbean, and Latin America working in various industries on the island. Culturally, Aruba has strong ties to Holland; it’s colonial occupier and present-day partner in the Netherlands kingdom. The official language of the island is Dutch, seen on street signs, government documents, and several local newspapers. Most people of Aruba, particularly those in the tourism business, speak English . There are four languages spoken overall there and they are Dutch, English, Spanish, and Papiamento. Papiamento is not a dialect but a language that is evidence to the many influences of older languages and Aruba’s culture and traditions. It has traces of Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch, French and local Indian languages. It is a language that began in Curacao in the 1500’s in an attempt to help slave owners communicate with their slaves. It’s a comparatively easy language to learn with a limited vocabulary and a spicy rhythm that makes it â€Å"fun†. The challenging aspect of Papiamento is the importance of proper emphasis on the right syllable. If this is done incorrectly another meaning to the word intended may be interpreted. Some examples of Papiamento are as follows; Very good is Hopi bon, Good Morning is Bon dia, Good Afternoon is Bon tardi, Good Evening is Bon nochi, and Have a good day is Pasa bon dia. Even with a limited knowledge of Spanish an d French, one can find similarities and traces of the two within these few phrases . The education system of Aruba has established the same standards to those employed in the Netherlands. Teachers communicate with their students primarily in Dutch. English is required of students by the fourth grade and many become fluent in their early adult years. Spanish, French, and German are three other languages offered to students while attending school. On the island, school facilities include a secondary education, a teacher’s college, a law school, and technical and training establishments.

Collections INF

This subject focuses on the provision of appropriate Information resources for organizations and communities, with particular emphasis on the hardcopy and electronic materials required to achieve the goals of libraries, Information agencies and related organizations.It will also address the concept of tacit and explicit knowledge collections and the role of institutional repositories. Attention is given to the assessment of needs, selection, acquisition, evaluation, deselecting of resources and consortia, and issues such as policy formulation, budgeting, cooperative resource provision, outsourcing, preservation, electronic publishing and space planning.Introduction INFIX 0 focuses on the resources that librarians, archivists, record keepers and other information professionals make available and accessible to their clients, with reticular emphasis on how these materials are identified, selected, acquired, evaluated and removed when no longer of value. In the past, subjects of this kin d have been concerned mainly with printed materials, but in more recent years digital objects (any digital file of whatever type – a word document, email, database, video clip and so on, is commonly called an ‘object') have become at least as important as print materials.In the weeks ahead both types of materials will receive considerable attention. As you will see, the subject covers a lot of territory. This means a lot of org, and your task will probably be a lot easier and more palatable if you are able to work at a steady pace through the modules in Interact and associated readings, rather than neglecting the subject for two or three weeks and then attempting to absorb several topics in a day or two. If you do work at It fairly steadily, you should not find the concepts particularly difficult to absorb and understand.But the relevant area Is rapidly developing, largely because of the revolution In electronic resources that has been proceeding for some years. It does require an openness to new Ideas. It Is recommended that you supplement what you read here by examining recent Issues of journals and by monitoring Internet sites, and If you find yourself working In this field you really will need to make a conscious effort to keep up with new developments.However, this subject does aspire to provide a self-contained Introduction at a basic level. The subject now before you is a varied one with many possibilities for further study student who found nothing at all of interest. We hope you find this an interesting and stimulating subject, providing broad brush contexts and paradigms within which the ore practical focus exists. Both aspects are important to understand the work and how it fits in the broader information environment.Your Subject Outline The University, Faculty and School policies, regulations and procedures frame your studies detailing your rights and expectations, your requirements and the procedures necessary for successful Charles S trut University Subject Outline INFANT 201230 W D-30 January 2012-version 1 page 2 of 15 navigation through your studies. It is important for you to read all this information and clarify any issues with your Subject Coordinator.Faculty and School policies are published online in the Faculty/School Folio. Http://www. CSS. Deed. AU/faculty/educate/ folio/folio. HTML Your subject coordinator Robert Pym Academic biography Bob Pym has worked in libraries and related cultural institutions for more than 20 years. From 1993 until early 2005, he worked for the National Film and Sound Archive in Canberra, latterly as the manager of their Collection Development area.During this time Bob taught on a casual basis at the University of Canberra and Canberra Institute of Technology. His teaching interests include: collection development – leslies, selection and retention; preservation of digital materials; popular culture and libraries; and audio visual materials. Bob's PhD is in the area of Australian popular fiction and its preservation and he is interested in researching the role of popular culture materials and their place in documenting society.Subject author(s) John Kennedy, Bob Pym and Sue Terry Learning objectives – be able to discuss critically the means of assessing information needs of communities and organizations; – be able to participate in the development of an information resources policy; – be able to provide an overview of the range of information resources available; – demonstrate an appreciation of issues relating to the selection and deselecting of information resources; – display an understanding of the nature of acquisitions work as it relates to information resources in traditional and digital form and the formation of knowledge- based collections; – be able to outline the development of virtual information resources and participate in an informed consideration of the merits of such resources; – d emonstrate an understanding of the role of consortia in the provision of information resources; – demonstrate an understanding of how information agencies represent themselves in a digital world; – have developed a clear understanding of the role of institutional repositories and the policies and practices necessary to ensure their success; and – be able to discuss critically managerial issues such as censorship, budgeting, outsourcing and cooperative resource provision. All CSS courses leading to the award of Bachelor degree will foster in their graduates the attributes set out below. CSS graduate attributes build students' capacity to contribute to their community and to the wider society.